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絎竴鏉?/strong>銆€涓浗寤鴻宸ョ▼閫犱環(huán)綆＄悊鍗忎細(xì)鏄敱浠庝簨宸ョ▼閫犱環(huán)鍜ㄨ鍙?qiáng)宸ソE嬪緩璁劇浉鍏充笟鍔＄殑浼佷笟銆佹斂搴滅鐞嗘満鏋勩€佸湴鏂瑰崗浼?xì)鍜屼笓涓氬鍛樹細(xì)绛夊崟浣嶅拰閫犱環(huán)宸ョ▼甯堢瓑涓撲笟浜哄憳鑷効緇撴垚鐨勫叏鍥芥€с€佽涓氭€хぞ浼?xì)鍥綋銆?
鏈細(xì)綆€縐頒腑浠峰崗錛岃嫳鏂囧悕縐頒負(fù)China Cost Engineering Association錛岀緝鍐欎負(fù)CCEA銆?
鏈細(xì)浼?xì)鍛樺垎甯冨拰娲诲姩鍦板煙湄?fù)鍏ㄥ浗銆?
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絎笁鏉?/strong>銆€鏈細(xì)鍧氭寔涓浗鍏變駭鍏氱殑鍏ㄩ潰棰嗗錛屾牴鎹腑鍥藉叡浜у厷绔犵▼鐨勮瀹氾紝璁劇珛涓浗鍏變駭鍏氱殑緇勭粐錛屽紑灞曞厷鐨勬椿鍔紝涓哄厷緇勭粐鐨勬椿鍔ㄦ彁渚涘繀瑕佹潯浠躲€?
鏈細(xì)鐨勭櫥璁扮鐞嗘満鍏蟲槸姘戞斂閮紝琛屼笟綆＄悊閮ㄩ棬鏄綇鎴垮拰鍩庝埂寤鴻閮ㄣ€?
鏈細(xì)鍏氱殑宸ヤ綔鎺ュ彈涓ぎ紺句細(xì)宸ヤ綔閮ㄧ殑緇熶竴棰嗗銆傛湰浼?xì)鎺ュ彈姘戞攭K儴銆佽涓氱鐞嗛儴闂ㄧ殑涓氬姟鎸囧鍜岀洃鐫ｇ鐞嗐€?
絎洓鏉?/strong>銆€鏈細(xì)璐熻矗浜哄寘鎷悊浜嬮暱銆佸壇鐞嗕簨闀褲€佺涔﹂暱銆?
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鏈細(xì)鐨勭綉鍧€錛歸zjyh.com銆?
絎簩绔犮€€涓氬姟鑼冨洿
絎叚鏉?/strong>銆€鏈細(xì)鐨勪笟鍔¤寖鍥達(dá)細(xì)
錛堜竴錛夌爺絀跺伐紼嬮€犱環(huán)綆＄悊鏀歸潻鍜屽彂灞曠殑鐞嗚銆佹柟閽堛€佹斂絳栵紝鍚戞斂搴滈儴闂ㄦ彁鍑烘妧鏈拰娉曡絳夋斂絳栧緩璁紱
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涓氬姟鑼冨洿涓睘浜庢硶寰嬨€佹硶瑙勭瓑瑙勫畾欏葷粡鎵瑰噯鐨勪簨欏癸紝渚濇硶緇忔壒鍑嗗悗寮€灞曘€?
絎笁绔犮€€浼?xì)銆€鍛?/strong>
絎竷鏉?/strong>銆€鏈細(xì)鐨勪細(xì)鍛樹負(fù)鍗曚綅浼?xì)鍛樺拰涓恨Z細(xì)鍛樸€?
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錛堜竴錛夋湁鍔犲叆鏈細(xì)鐨勬剰鎰匡紱
錛堜簩錛夊飽琛屾湰浼?xì)绔牻E嬭瀹氱殑涔夊姟錛屾効鎰忓弬鍔犳湰浼?xì)娲诲姩锛?
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錛堝洓錛夋敮鎸佹湰浼?xì)宸ヤ綔銆?nbsp;
鏈細(xì)涓嶅己鍒舵垨鑰呭彉鐩稿己鍒跺叕姘戙€佹硶浜烘垨鑰呭叾浠栫粍緇囧姞鍏ユ湰浼?xì)銆?
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錛堜簩錛夋彁浜ゆ湁鍏寵瘉鏄庢潗鏂欙紝鍖呮嫭錛?
1.鍗曚綅鐨勭畝浠嬫垨涓漢綆€鍘嗙瓑璧勬枡錛?
2.鏈細(xì)瑕佹眰鐨勪紒涓氭垨涓漢鐨勪俊鐢ㄤ俊鎭紱
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錛堜簩錛夊鏈細(xì)宸ヤ綔鐨勭煡鎯呮潈銆佸緩璁潈鍜岀洃鐫ｆ潈錛?
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錛堝洓錛夐€€浼?xì)鑷敱銆?
絎崄涓€鏉?/strong>銆€浼?xì)鍛樺饱琛屼笅鍒椾箟鍔″Q?
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錛堜簩錛夋墽琛屾湰浼?xì)鐨勫唽櫘Q?
錛堜笁錛夋寜瑙勫畾浜ょ撼浼?xì)璐瑰Q?
錛堝洓錛夌淮鎶ゆ湰浼?xì)鐨勫悎娉曟潈鐩婂Q?
錛堜簲錛夊悜鏈細(xì)鍙嶆槧鎯呭喌錛屾彁渚涙湁鍏寵祫鏂欙紱
錛堝叚錛夊畬鎴愭湰浼?xì)浜ゅ姙鐨勫叾浠栧伐浣溿€?
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錛堜竴錛夎鍛婏紱
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錛堝洓錛夐櫎鍚嶏紱
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錛堜竴錛?騫翠笉鎸夎瀹氫氦綰充細(xì)璐癸紱
錛堜簩錛?騫翠笉鎸夎姹傚弬鍔犳湰浼?xì)娲诲姩锛?
錛堜笁錛変笉鍐嶇鍚堜細(xì)鍛樻潯浠訛紱
錛堝洓錛変撫澶辨皯浜嬭涓鴻兘鍔涳紱
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錛堜竴錛夊埗瀹氬拰淇敼绔犵▼錛?
錛堜簩錛夊喅瀹氭湰浼?xì)鐨勫伐浣滅洰鏍囧拰鍙戝睍瑙勫垝绛夐噸澶т簨椤瑰Q?
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錛堜節(jié)錛夊喅瀹氬悕縐板彉鏇翠簨瀹滐紱
錛堝崄錛夊喅瀹氱粓姝簨瀹滐紱
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鏈細(xì)鍙紑浼?xì)鍛樹唬琛ㄥぇ浼?xì)錛岄』鎻愬墠15鏃ュ皢浼?xì)璁殑璁閫氱煡浼?xì)鍛樹唬琛ㄣ€?
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涓存椂浼?xì)鍛樹唬琛ㄥぇ浼?xì)鐢辯悊浜嬮暱涓繪寔銆傜悊浜嬮暱涓嶄富鎸佹垨涓嶈兘涓繪寔鐨勶紝鐢辨彁璁殑鐞嗕簨浼?xì)鎴?/5浠ヤ笂浼?xì)鍛樹唬琛ㄦ帹鋴D鏈細(xì)涓€鍚嶈礋璐ｄ漢涓繪寔銆?
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錛堜竴錛夊埗瀹氬拰淇敼绔犵▼錛屽喅瀹氭湰浼?xì)鍚嵖U板彉鏇淬€佺粓姝紝欏葷粡鍒頒細(xì)浼?xì)鍛樹唬琛?/3浠ヤ笂鎶曠エ琛ㄥ喅閫氳繃錛?
錛堜簩錛夐€変婦鐞嗕簨錛屽綋閫夌悊浜嬪緱紲ㄦ暟涓嶅緱浣庝簬鍒頒細(xì)浼?xì)鍛樹唬琛ㄧ?/2錛?
緗㈠厤鐞嗕簨錛岄』緇忓埌浼?xì)浼?xì)鍛樹唬琛?/2浠ヤ笂鎶曠エ閫氳繃錛?
錛堜笁錛夊埗瀹氭垨淇敼浼?xì)璐规爣鍑嗗Q岄』緇忓埌浼?xì)浼?xì)鍛樹唬琛?/2浠ヤ笂鏃犺鍚嶆姇紲ㄦ柟寮忚〃鍐籌紱
錛堝洓錛夊叾浠栧喅璁紝欏葷粡鍒頒細(xì)浼?xì)鍛樹唬琛?/2浠ヤ笂琛ㄥ喅閫氳繃銆?
絎簩鑺傘€€鐞嗕簨浼?/strong>
絎簩鍗佷竴鏉?/strong>銆€鐞嗕簨浼?xì)鏄細(xì)鍛樹唬琛ㄥぇ浼?xì)鐨勬墽琛屾満鏋勶紝鍦ㄤ細(xì)鍛樹唬琛ㄥぇ浼?xì)闂細(xì)鏈熼棿棰嗗鏈細(xì)寮€灞曞伐浣滐紝瀵逛細(xì)鍛樹唬琛ㄥぇ浼?xì)璐熻矗銆?
鐞嗕簨浜烘暟鏈€澶氫笉寰楄秴榪?90浜猴紝涓斾竴鑸笉寰楄秴榪囦細(xì)鍛樹唬琛ㄧ殑1/3銆?
鐞嗕簨涓嶈兘鏉ヨ嚜鍚屼竴浼?xì)鍛樺崟浣嶅Q屼笉鍦ㄦ湰浼?xì)棰嗗彇钖叕銆?
鏈細(xì)鐞嗕簨搴斿綋絎﹀悎浠ヤ笅鏉′歡錛?
錛堜竴錛夊潥鎸佷腑鍥藉叡浜у厷棰嗗錛屽潥鍐蟲墽琛屽厷鐨勮礬綰褲€佹柟閽堛€佹斂絳栵紝鍏峰鑹ソ鐨勬斂娌葷礌璐紱
錛堜簩錛夊叧蹇?jī)琛屼笟鍙戝睍锛岀儹蹇?jī)鏈細(xì)宸ヤ綔錛屾湁綺懼姏銆佹湁鑳藉姏鍙備笌鍜屽鐞嗗崗浼?xì)浜嬪姟锛屽湪缁劸l囨垨鍙備笌鏈細(xì)媧誨姩涓〃鐜扮獊鍑猴紱
錛堜笁錛夊湪宸ョ▼閫犱環(huán)鍙?qiáng)鐩稿叧棰嗗煙鏈壗H佸嚭鎴愬氨鍜岃礎(chǔ)鐚紱
錛堝洓錛夋湭鍙楄繃鍓ュず鏀挎不鏉冨埄鐨勫垜浜嬪緗氾紝鍏鋒湁瀹屽叏姘戜簨琛屼負(fù)鑳藉姏錛?
錛堜簲錛夋棤娉曞緥娉曡銆佸浗瀹舵斂絳栬瀹氫笉寰楁媴浠葷殑鍏朵粬鎯呭艦銆?
絎簩鍗佷簩鏉?/strong>銆€鐞嗕簨鐨勯€変婦鍜岀艦鍏嶏細(xì)
錛堜竴錛夌涓€灞婄悊浜嬬敱鍙戣搗浜轟笌鐢寵鎴愮珛鏃剁殑浼?xì)鍛樺叡鍚屼細(xì)鍟嗘彁鍚嶅Q屾姤涓ぎ紺句細(xì)宸ヤ綔閮ㄥ悓鎰忓悗錛屼細(xì)鍛樹唬琛ㄥぇ浼?xì)閫変婦浜х敓錛?
錛堜簩錛夌悊浜嬩細(xì)鎹㈠眾錛屽簲褰撳湪浼?xì)鍛樹唬琛ㄥぇ浼?xì)鍙紑鍓?涓湀錛岀敱鐞嗕簨浼?xì)鎻愬悕锛屾垚绔嬬斵q悊浜嬩唬琛ㄣ€佺洃浜嬩唬琛ㄣ€佸厷緇勭粐浠ｈ〃鍜屼細(xì)鍛樹唬琛ㄧ粍鎴愮殑鎹㈠眾宸ヤ綔棰嗗灝忕粍錛岃礋璐ｆ崲灞婇€変婦宸ヤ綔錛?
鎹㈠眾宸ヤ綔棰嗗灝忕粍鎷熻鎹㈠眾鏂規(guī)錛屽簲鍦ㄤ細(xì)鍛樹唬琛ㄥぇ浼?xì)鍙紑鍓?涓湀鎶ヤ腑澶ぞ浼?xì)宸ヤ綔閮ㄥ鏍稿Q涙崲灞婃垨灞婁腑璋冩暣宸ヤ綔涓厺閰挎彁鍚嶈礋璐ｄ漢浜洪€夛紝搴斿綋鍏呭垎鍚彇琛屼笟綆＄悊閮ㄩ棬絳夋柟闈㈡剰瑙侊紝涓誨姩涓庝腑澶ぞ浼?xì)宸ヤ綔閮ㄦ矡閫氾紱璐熻矗浜轟漢閫夌粡涓ぎ紺句細(xì)宸ヤ綔閮ㄥ鏍稿悓鎰忓悗錛屾柟鍙彫寮€浼?xì)璁€変婦錛?
鎸夌収鏈珷紼嬭瀹氾紝鍙紑浼?xì)鍛樹唬琛ㄥぇ浼?xì)錛岄€変婦鍜岀艦鍏嶇悊浜嬶紱
錛堜笁錛夌悊浜嬩細(xì)鍦ㄥ眾涓彲浠ュ琛ャ€佺艦鍏嶉儴鍒嗙悊浜嬶紝鏈€楂樹笉瓚呰繃鍘熺悊浜嬫€繪暟鐨?/5銆?
絎簩鍗佷笁鏉?/strong>銆€姣忎釜鐞嗕簨鍗曚綅鍙兘閫夋淳涓€鍚嶄唬琛ㄥ飽琛岀悊浜嬭亴璐ｃ€傚崟浣嶈皟鏁寸悊浜嬩唬琛紝鐢卞叾涔﹂潰閫氱煡鏈細(xì)錛屾姤鐞嗕簨浼?xì)鎴栬€呭父鍔＄悊浜嬩細(xì)澶囨銆傝鍗曚綅鍚屾椂涓哄父鍔＄悊浜嬬殑錛屽叾浠ｈ〃涓€騫惰皟鏁淬€?
絎簩鍗佸洓鏉?/strong>銆€鐞嗕簨鐨勬潈鍒?
錛堜竴錛夌悊浜嬩細(xì)鐨勯€変婦鏉冦€佽閫変婦鏉冨拰琛ㄥ喅鏉冿紱
錛堜簩錛夊鏈細(xì)宸ヤ綔鎯呭喌銆佽儲(chǔ)鍔℃儏鍐點(diǎn)€侀噸澶т簨欏圭殑鐭ユ儏鏉冦€佸緩璁潈鍜岀洃鐫ｆ潈錛?
錛堜笁錛夊弬涓庡埗瀹氬唴閮ㄧ鐞嗗埗搴︼紝鎻愬嚭鎰忚寤鴻錛?
錛堝洓錛夊悜鐞嗕簨闀挎垨鐞嗕簨浼?xì)鎻愬嚭鍙紑涓存椂浼?xì)璁殑寰忚鏉冦€?
絎簩鍗佷簲鏉?/strong>銆€鐞嗕簨搴斿綋閬靛畧娉曞緥銆佹硶瑙勫拰鏈珷紼嬬殑瑙勫畾錛屽繝瀹炲飽琛岃亴璐ｃ€佺淮鎶ゆ湰浼?xì)鍒╃泭锛岒q跺飽琛屼互涓嬩箟鍔★細(xì)
錛堜竴錛夊嚭甯悊浜嬩細(xì)浼?xì)璁Q屾墽琛岀悊浜嬩細(xì)鍐寵錛?
錛堜簩錛夊湪鑱岃矗鑼冨洿鍐呰浣挎潈鍒╋紝涓嶈秺鏉冿紱
錛堜笁錛夎皚鎱庛€佽鐪熴€佸嫟鍕夈€佺嫭绔嬭浣胯鍚堟硶璧嬩簣鐨勮亴鏉冿紱
錛堝洓錛夋帴鍙楃洃浜嬩細(xì)瀵瑰叾灞ヨ鑱岃矗鐨勫悎娉曠洃鐫ｅ拰鍚堢悊寤鴻錛?
錛堜簲錛変笉鍒╃敤鐞嗕簨鑱屾潈璋嬪彇涓嶆褰撳埄鐩婏紱
錛堝叚錛変笉浠庝簨鎹熷鏈細(xì)鍚堟硶鍒╃泭鐨勬椿鍔紱
錛堜竷錛変笉寰楁硠闇插湪浠昏亴鏈熼棿鎵€鑾峰緱鐨勬秹鍙?qiáng)鏈細(xì)鐨勪繚瀵嗕俊鎭Q屼絾娉曞緥銆佹硶瑙勫彟鏈夎瀹氱殑闄ゅ錛?
絎簩鍗佸叚鏉?/strong>銆€鐞嗕簨浼?xì)鐨勮亴鏉冩槸锛?xì)
錛堜竴錛夋墽琛屼細(xì)鍛樹唬琛ㄥぇ浼?xì)鐨勫唽櫘Q?
錛堜簩錛夐€変婦鍜岀艦鍏嶅父鍔＄悊浜嬨€佽礋璐ｄ漢錛屽璁硶瀹氫唬琛ㄤ漢鍙樻洿浜嬮」錛?
錛堜笁錛夊喅瀹氬悕瑾夎亴鍔′漢閫夛紱
錛堝洓錛夌澶囧彫寮€浼?xì)鍛樹唬琛ㄥぇ浼?xì)錛岃礋璐ｆ崲灞婇€変婦宸ヤ綔錛?
錛堜簲錛夊悜浼?xì)鍛樹唬琛ㄥぇ浼?xì)鎶ュ憡宸ヤ綔鍜岃儲(chǔ)鍔＄姸鍐碉紱
錛堝叚錛夊喅瀹氫細(xì)鍛樼殑鍚告敹鍜岄櫎鍚嶏紱
錛堜竷錛夊喅瀹氳绔嬨€佸彉鏇村拰緇堟鍒嗘敮鏈烘瀯銆佷唬琛ㄦ満鏋勩€佸姙浜嬫満鏋勫拰鍏朵粬鎵€灞炴満鏋勶紱
錛堝叓錛夊喅瀹氬壇縐樹功闀褲€佸悇鎵€灞炴満鏋勪富瑕佽礋璐ｄ漢錛?
錛堜節(jié)錛夐瀵兼湰浼?xì)鍚勬墍灞炴満鏋勫紑灞曞伐浣滐紱
錛堝崄錛夊璁勾搴﹀伐浣滄姤鍛婂拰宸ヤ綔璁″垝錛?
錛堝崄涓€錛夊璁勾搴﹁儲(chǔ)鍔￠綆椼€佸喅綆楋紱
錛堝崄浜岋級(jí)鍒跺畾淇℃伅鍏紑鍔炴硶銆佽儲(chǔ)鍔＄鐞嗗埗搴︺€佸垎鏀満鏋勭鐞嗗姙娉曠瓑閲嶈鐨勭鐞嗗埗搴︼紱
錛堝崄涓夛級(jí)鍐沖畾鏈細(xì)璐熻矗浜哄拰宸ヤ綔浜哄憳鐨勮€冩牳鍙?qiáng)钖叕绠＄悊鍔炴硶锛?
錛堝崄鍥涳級(jí)瀹¤媧誨姩璧勯噾鍙樻洿浜嬮」錛?
錛堝崄浜旓級(jí)瀹¤浣忔墍鍙樻洿浜嬮」錛?
錛堝崄鍏級(jí)鍐沖畾鍏朵粬閲嶅ぇ浜嬮」銆?
絎簩鍗佷竷鏉?/strong>銆€鐞嗕簨浼?xì)涓庝細(xì)鍛樹唬琛ㄥぇ浼?xì)浠繪湡鐩稿悓錛屼笌浼?xì)鍛樹唬琛ㄥぇ浼?xì)鍚屾椂鎹㈠眾銆?
絎簩鍗佸叓鏉?/strong>銆€鐞嗕簨浼?xì)浼?xì)璁』鏈?/3浠ヤ笂鐞嗕簨鍑哄腑鏂硅兘鍙紑錛屽叾鍐寵欏葷粡鍒頒細(xì)鐞嗕簨2/3浠ヤ笂琛ㄥ喅閫氳繃鏂硅兘鐢熸晥銆?
鐞嗕簨3嬈′笉鍑哄腑鐞嗕簨浼?xì)浼?xì)璁紝鑷姩涓уけ鐞嗕簨璧勬牸銆?
絎簩鍗佷節(jié)鏉?/strong>銆€甯稿姟鐞嗕簨鐢辯悊浜嬩細(xì)閲囧彇鏃犺鍚嶆姇紲ㄦ柟寮忎粠鐞嗕簨涓€変婦浜х敓銆?
璐熻矗浜虹敱鐞嗕簨浼?xì)閲囧彇鏃犺鍚嶆姇绁ㄦ柟寮忎粠甯稿姟鐞嗕簨涓€変婦浜х敓銆?
緗㈠厤甯稿姟鐞嗕簨銆佽礋璐ｄ漢錛岄』緇忓埌浼?xì)鐞嗕?/3浠ヤ笂鎶曠エ閫氳繃銆?
絎笁鍗佹潯銆€閫変婦甯稿姟鐞嗕簨銆佽礋璐ｄ漢錛屾寜寰楃エ鏁扮‘瀹氬綋閫変漢鍛橈紝浣嗗綋閫夌殑寰楃エ鏁頒笉寰椾綆浜庢€葷エ鏁扮殑2/3銆?
絎笁鍗佷竴鏉?/strong>銆€鐞嗕簨浼?xì)姣忩q磋嚦灝戝彫寮€1嬈′細(xì)璁紝鎯呭喌鐗規(guī)畩鐨勶紝鍙噰鐢ㄩ€氳褰㈠紡鍙紑銆傞櫎瑙嗛浼?xì)璁锛屽叾浠栭€氳褰㈠紡浼?xì)璁笉寰楀啗_畾璐熻矗浜虹殑璋冩暣銆?
絎笁鍗佷簩鏉?/strong>銆€緇忕悊浜嬮暱鎴栬€?/5浠ヤ笂鐨勭悊浜嬫彁璁紝搴斿綋鍙紑涓存椂鐞嗕簨浼?xì)浼?xì)璁€?
鐞嗕簨闀夸笉鑳戒富鎸佷復(fù)鏃剁悊浜嬩細(xì)浼?xì)璁殑锛岀敱鎻愯鍙泦錆h鎺ㄤ婦鏈細(xì)1鍚嶈礋璐ｄ漢涓繪寔浼?xì)璁€?
絎笁鑺傘€€甯稿姟鐞嗕簨浼?/strong>
絎笁鍗佷笁鏉?/strong>銆€鏈細(xì)璁劇珛甯稿姟鐞嗕簨浼?xì)銆傚父鍔＄悊浜嬩粠鐞嗕簨涓€変婦浜х敓錛屼漢鏁頒笉瓚呰繃鐞嗕簨浜烘暟鐨?/3銆傚湪鐞嗕簨浼?xì)闂細(xì)鏈熼椷_(dá)紝甯稿姟鐞嗕簨浼?xì)琛屼娇鐞嗕簨浼?xì)絎竴銆佸洓銆佸叚銆佷竷銆佸叓銆佷節(jié)銆佸崄銆佸崄涓€銆佸崄浜屻€佸崄涓夈€佸崄鍥涢」鐨勮亴鏉冿紝瀵圭悊浜嬩細(xì)璐熻矗銆?
甯稿姟鐞嗕簨浼?xì)涓庣悊浜嬩細(xì)鋼Q鏈熺浉鍚岋紝涓庣悊浜嬩細(xì)鍚屾椂鎹㈠眾銆?
甯稿姟鐞嗕簨浼?xì)浼?xì)璁』鏈?/3浠ヤ笂甯稿姟鐞嗕簨鍑哄腑鏂硅兘鍙紑錛屽叾鍐寵欏葷粡鍒頒細(xì)甯稿姟鐞嗕簨2/3浠ヤ笂琛ㄥ喅閫氳繃鏂硅兘鐢熸晥銆?
甯稿姟鐞嗕簨3嬈′笉鍑哄腑甯稿姟鐞嗕簨浼?xì)浼?xì)璁紝鑷姩涓уけ甯稿姟鐞嗕簨璧勬牸銆?
絎笁鍗佸洓鏉?/strong>銆€甯稿姟鐞嗕簨浼?xì)鑷碁畱姣?涓湀鍙紑1嬈′細(xì)璁紝鎯呭喌鐗規(guī)畩鐨勶紝鍙噰鐢ㄩ€氳褰㈠紡鍙紑銆?
絎笁鍗佷簲鏉?/strong>銆€緇忕悊浜嬮暱鎴?/3浠ヤ笂鐨勫父鍔＄悊浜嬫彁璁紝搴斿綋鍙紑涓存椂甯稿姟鐞嗕簨浼?xì)浼?xì)璁€?
鐞嗕簨闀夸笉鑳戒富鎸佷復(fù)鏃跺父鍔＄悊浜嬩細(xì)浼?xì)璁殑锛岀敱鎻愯鍙泦錆h鎺ㄤ婦鏈細(xì)1鍚嶈礋璐ｄ漢涓繪寔浼?xì)璁€?
絎洓鑺傘€€璐熻矗浜?/strong>
銆€銆€絎笁鍗佸叚鏉?/strong>銆€ 鏈細(xì)璐熻矗浜哄寘鎷悊浜嬮暱1鍚嶏紝鍓悊浜嬮暱10-20鍚嶏紝縐樹功闀?鍚嶃€?/span>
鏈細(xì)璐熻矗浜哄簲褰撳叿澶囦笅鍒楁潯浠訛細(xì)
錛堜竴錛夊潥鎸佷腑鍥藉叡浜у厷棰嗗錛屾嫢鎶や腑鍥界壒鑹茬ぞ浼?xì)涓讳箟锛屽潥鍐虫墽琛屽厷鐨勮矾绾裤€佹柟閽堛€佹斂絳栵紝鍏峰鑹ソ鐨勬斂娌葷礌璐紱
錛堜簩錛夐伒綰畧娉曪紝鍕ゅ媺灝借亴錛屼釜浜虹ぞ浼?xì)淇＄敤璁板綍鑹ソ锛?
錛堜笁錛夊叿澶囩浉搴旂殑涓撲笟鐭ヨ瘑銆佺粡楠屽拰鑳藉姏錛岀啛鎮(zhèn)夎涓氭儏鍐碉紝鍦ㄦ湰浼?xì)涓氬姟棰嗗煙鏈夎緝澶у奖鍝嶅Q?
錛堝洓錛夎韓浣撳仴搴鳳紝鑳芥甯稿飽璐ｏ紝鏈€楂樹換鑱屽勾榫勪笉瓚呰繃70鍛ㄥ瞾錛岀涔﹂暱涓轟笓鑱岋紱
錛堜簲錛夊叿鏈夊畬鍏ㄦ皯浜嬭涓鴻兘鍔涳紱
錛堝叚錛夎兘澶熷繝瀹炪€佸嫟鍕夊飽琛岃亴璐ｏ紝緇存姢鏈細(xì)鍜屼細(xì)鍛樼殑鍚堟硶鏉冪泭錛?
錛堜竷錛夋湭琚‘璁や負(fù)澶變俊琚墽琛屼漢錛?
錛堝叓 錛夋棤娉曞緥銆佹硶瑙勩€佸浗瀹舵湁鍏寵瀹氫笉寰楁媴浠葷殑鍏朵粬鎯呭艦銆?
鐞嗕簨闀褲€佺涔﹂暱涓嶅緱鍏間換鍏朵粬紺句細(xì)鍥綋鐨勭悊浜嬮暱銆佺涔﹂暱錛岀悊浜嬮暱鍜岀涔﹂暱涓嶅緱鐢卞悓涓€浜哄吋浠匯€傜悊浜嬮暱鍜岀涔﹂暱涓嶅緱涓烘潵鑷悓涓€鍗曚綅鐨勫湪鑱屼漢鍛橈紝浣嗕笌鏈細(xì)絳捐鍔沖姩鍚堝悓鐨勯櫎澶栥€傝礋璐ｄ漢涔嬮棿涓嶅緱瀛樺湪榪戜翰灞炲叧緋伙紝涓斾笉寰椾負(fù)鏉ヨ嚜鍚屼竴浼?xì)鍛樺崟浣嶇殑鍦ㄨ亴錆h鍛樸€?
絎笁鍗佷竷鏉?/strong>銆€鏈細(xì)璐熻矗浜轟換鏈熶笌鐞嗕簨浼?xì)鐩稿悓锛寴q炰換涓嶈秴榪?灞娿€傚洜鐗規(guī)畩鎯呭喌闇€瑕佸歡闀夸換鏈熺殑錛岄』緇忕悊浜嬩細(xì)琛ㄥ喅閫氳繃錛屾姤涓ぎ紺句細(xì)宸ヤ綔閮ㄥ鏍稿悓鎰忓茍鎶ョ櫥璁扮鐞嗘満鍏沖妗堛€?
銆€銆€鑱樹換鐨勭涔﹂暱榪炰換灞婃涓嶅彈闄愬埗銆?/span>
絎笁鍗佸叓鏉?/strong>銆€鐞嗕簨闀夸負(fù)鏈細(xì)娉曞畾浠ｈ〃浜恒€?
鍥犵壒孌婃儏鍐碉紝緇忕悊浜嬮暱鎺ㄨ崘銆佺悊浜嬩細(xì)鍚屾剰錛屾姤涓ぎ紺句細(xì)宸ヤ綔閮ㄥ鏍稿悓鎰忓茍緇忕櫥璁扮鐞嗘満鍏蟲壒鍑嗗悗錛屽彲浠ョ敱鍓悊浜嬮暱鎴栫涔﹂暱鎷呬換娉曞畾浠ｈ〃浜恒€傝仒浠葷殑縐樹功闀夸笉寰楁媴浠繪湰浼?xì)娉曞畾浠ｈ〃錆h銆?
娉曞畾浠ｈ〃浜轟唬琛ㄦ湰浼?xì)绛揪|叉湁鍏抽噸瑕佹枃浠躲€?
鏈細(xì)娉曞畾浠ｈ〃浜轟笉鍏間換鍏朵粬紺句細(xì)鍥綋鐨勬硶瀹氫唬琛ㄤ漢銆?
絎笁鍗佷節(jié)鏉?/strong>銆€鎷呬換娉曞畾浠ｈ〃浜虹殑璐熻矗浜鴻緗㈠厤鎴栧嵏浠葷殑錛屾湰浼?xì)搴斿綋鍦ㄦ寜绋嬪簭鍐冲畾鏂扮殑娉曞畾浠ｈ〃錆h鍚?0鏃ュ唴錛屽悜涓ぎ紺句細(xì)宸ヤ綔閮ㄦ姤鍛婏紝騫跺悜鐧昏綆＄悊鏈哄叧鐢寵鍔炵悊鍙樻洿鐧昏銆?
鍘熶換娉曞畾浠ｈ〃浜轟笉浜堥厤鍚堝姙鐞嗘硶瀹氫唬琛ㄤ漢鍙樻洿鐧昏鐨勶紝鏈細(xì)鍙牴鎹湁鏁堢殑鐞嗕簨浼?xì)鍚屾剰鍙樻洿鐨勫唽櫘Q岀敱鏂扮殑娉曞畾浠ｈ〃浜虹瀛楋紝鍚戠櫥璁扮鐞嗘満鍏崇敵璇峰彉鏇寸櫥璁般€?
絎洓鍗佹潯銆€鐞嗕簨闀垮飽琛屼笅鍒楄亴璐ｏ細(xì)
錛堜竴錛夊彫闆嗗拰涓繪寔浼?xì)鍛樹唬琛ㄥぇ浼?xì)銆佺悊浜嬩細(xì)銆佸父鍔＄悊浜嬩細(xì)錛?
錛堜簩錛夋鏌ヤ細(xì)鍛樹唬琛ㄥぇ浼?xì)銆佺悊浜嬩細(xì)銆佸父鍔＄悊浜嬩細(xì)鍐寵鐨勮惤瀹炴儏鍐碉紱
錛堜笁錛夊悜浼?xì)鍛樹唬琛ㄥぇ浼?xì)銆佺悊浜嬩細(xì)銆佸父鍔＄悊浜嬩細(xì)鎶ュ憡宸ヤ綔錛?
錛堝洓錛変富鎸佸彫寮€椹諱細(xì)鐞嗕簨闀垮姙鍏細(xì)璁紝澶勭悊鏈細(xì)鐞嗕簨浼?xì)銆佸父鍔＄悊浜嬩細(xì)闂細(xì)鏈熼棿鐨勯噸瑕佷簨鍔″強(qiáng)縐樹功澶勬彁浜ゅ璁殑浜嬮」銆?
鐞嗕簨闀褲€佹硶瀹氫唬琛ㄤ漢搴旀瘡騫村悜鐞嗕簨浼?xì)杩拌亴銆?
鐞嗕簨闀夸笉鑳藉飽琛岃亴璐ｆ椂錛岀敱鍏跺鎵樻垨鐞嗕簨浼?xì)锛堟垨甯稿姟鐞嗕簨浼?xì)錛夋帹閫?鍚嶅壇鐞嗕簨闀夸唬涓哄飽琛岃亴璐ｃ€?
絎洓鍗佷竴鏉?/strong>銆€鍓悊浜嬮暱銆佺涔﹂暱鍗忓姪鐞嗕簨闀垮紑灞曞伐浣溿€?
縐樹功闀胯浣夸笅鍒楄亴璐ｏ細(xì)
錛堜竴錛夊崗璋冨悇鏈烘瀯寮€灞曞伐浣滐紱
錛堜簩錛変富鎸佸姙浜嬫満鏋勫紑灞曟棩甯稿伐浣滐紱
錛堜笁錛夋彁鍚嶅壇縐樹功闀垮強(qiáng)鎵€灞炴満鏋勪富瑕佽礋璐ｄ漢錛屼氦鐞嗕簨浼?xì)鎴栧父鍔＄悊浜嬩細(xì)鍐冲畾锛?
錛堝洓錛夊喅瀹氫笓鑱屽伐浣滀漢鍛樼殑鑱樼敤錛?
錛堜簲錛夋嫙璁㈠勾搴﹀伐浣滄姤鍛婂拰宸ヤ綔璁″垝錛屾姤鐞嗕簨浼?xì)鎴栧父鍔＄悊浜嬩細(xì)瀹¤锛?
錛堝叚錛夊鐞嗗叾浠栨棩甯鎬簨鍔°€?/span>
絎洓鍗佷簩鏉?/strong>銆€浼?xì)鍛樹唬琛ㄥぇ浼?xì)銆佺悊浜嬩細(xì)銆佸父鍔＄悊浜嬩細(xì)銆佺洃浜嬩細(xì)浼?xì)璁簲褰撳埗浣滀細(xì)璁U銆傚艦鎴愬喅璁殑錛屽簲褰撳埗浣滀功闈㈠喅璁紝鐞嗕簨浼?xì)銆佸父鍔＄悊浜嬩細(xì)銆佺洃浜嬩細(xì)鍐寵鍚屾椂鐢卞嚭甯細(xì)璁垚鍛樼‘璁ゃ€備細(xì)璁邯瑕併€佷細(xì)璁喅璁簲褰撲互閫傚綋鏂瑰紡鍚戜細(xì)鍛橀€氭姤錛屽浼?xì)鍛樻煡璇㈠Q屽茍鑷沖皯淇濆瓨30騫淬€?
鎷熷厤鑱岃礋璐ｄ漢鐨勶紝搴斿綋鍦ㄥ厤鑱屽喅璁綔鍑哄墠20鏃ュ悜涓ぎ紺句細(xì)宸ヤ綔閮ㄦ姤鍛婏紱鏂伴€変換璐熻矗浜虹殑錛屽簲褰撳湪閫変換鍐寵浣滃嚭鍚?0鏃ュ唴鍚戜腑澶ぞ浼?xì)宸ヤ綔閮ㄦ姤鍛娿€傝礋璐ｄ漢鍙戠敓鍙樺姩鐨勶紝搴斿綋鍦ㄥ彉鍔ㄥ喅璁綔鍑哄悗30鏃ュ唴鎶ョ櫥璁扮鐞嗘満鍏沖妗堛€?
鐞嗕簨銆佸父鍔＄悊浜嬨€佽礋璐ｄ漢鐨勫彉鍔ㄦ儏鍐靛簲褰撳強(qiáng)鏃跺悜浼?xì)鍛橀€氭姤銆佸浼?xì)鍛樻煡璇㈠Q屽茍鍚戠ぞ浼?xì)鍏紑銆?
絎簲鑺傘€€鐩戜簨浼?/strong>
絎洓鍗佷笁鏉?/strong>銆€鏈細(xì)璁劇珛鐩戜簨浼?xì)锛岀洃浜嬩焕L湡涓庣悊浜嬩換鏈熺浉鍚岋紝鏈熸弧鍙互榪炰換銆傜洃浜嬩細(xì)鐢?-7鍚嶇洃浜嬬粍鎴愩€傜洃浜嬩細(xì)璁劇洃浜嬮暱1鍚嶏紝鍓洃浜嬮暱1鍚嶏紝鐢辯洃浜嬩細(xì)鎺ㄤ婦浜х敓銆傜洃浜嬮暱鍜屽壇鐩戜簨闀挎渶楂樹換鑱屽勾榫勪笉瓚呰繃70鍛ㄥ瞾錛岃繛浠諱笉瓚呰繃2灞娿€?
鏈細(xì)鎺ュ彈騫舵敮鎸佸媧劇洃浜嬬殑鐩戠潱鎸囧銆?
絎洓鍗佸洓鏉?/strong>銆€鐩戜簨鐨勯€変婦鍜岀艦鍏嶏細(xì)
錛堜竴錛夌敱浼?xì)鍛樹唬琛ㄥぇ浼?xì)閫変婦浜х敓錛?
錛堜簩錛夌洃浜嬬殑緗㈠厤渚濈収鍏朵駭鐢熺▼搴忋€?
絎洓鍗佷簲鏉?/strong>銆€鏈細(xì)鐨勮礋璐ｄ漢銆佺悊浜嬨€佸父鍔＄悊浜嬪拰璐㈠姟綆＄悊浜哄憳涓嶅緱鍏間換鐩戜簨銆?
絎洓鍗佸叚鏉?/strong>銆€鐩戜簨浼?xì)琛屼娇涓嬪垪鑱屾潈锛?xì)
錛堜竴錛夊垪甯悊浜嬩細(xì)銆佸父鍔＄悊浜嬩細(xì)浼?xì)璁Q屽茍瀵瑰喅璁簨欏規(guī)彁鍑?guó)櫞ㄨ鎴栧圾櫘Q?
錛堜簩錛夊鐞嗕簨銆佸父鍔＄悊浜嬨€佽礋璐ｄ漢鎵ц鏈細(xì)鑱屽姟鐨勮涓鴻繘琛岀洃鐫ｏ紝瀵逛弗閲嶈繚鍙嶆湰浼?xì)绔牻E嬫垨鑰呬細(xì)鍛樹唬琛ㄥぇ浼?xì)鍐宠鐨勪汉鍛樻彁鍑壕|㈠厤寤鴻錛?
錛堜笁錛夋鏌ユ湰浼?xì)鐨勮储鍔℃姤鍛婂Q屽悜浼?xì)鍛樹唬琛ㄥぇ浼?xì)鎶ュ憡鐩戜簨浼?xì)鐨勫伐浣滃拰鎻愬嚭鎻愭锛?
錛堝洓錛夊璐熻矗浜恒€佺悊浜嬨€佸父鍔＄悊浜嬨€佽儲(chǔ)鍔＄鐞嗕漢鍛樻崯瀹蟲湰浼?xì)鍒╃泭鐨勮湄?fù)錛岃姹傚叾鍙?qiáng)鏃朵簣浠ゾU犳錛?
錛堜簲錛夊悜涓ぎ紺句細(xì)宸ヤ綔閮ㄣ€佽涓氱鐞嗛儴闂ㄣ€佺櫥璁扮鐞嗘満鍏充互鍙?qiáng)绋庡姟銆佷細(xì)璁′富綆￠儴闂ㄥ弽鏄犳湰浼?xì)宸ヤ綔涓瓨鍦ㄧ殑闂锛?
錛堝叚錛夊喅瀹氬叾浠栧簲鐢辯洃浜嬩細(xì)瀹¤鐨勪簨欏廣€?
鐩戜簨浼?xì)姣?涓湀鑷沖皯鍙紑1嬈′細(xì)璁€傜洃浜嬩細(xì)浼?xì)璁畽謇L湁2/3浠ヤ笂鐩戜簨鍑哄腑鏂硅兘鍙紑錛屽叾鍐寵欏葷粡鍒頒細(xì)鐩戜簨1/2浠ヤ笂閫氳繃鏂逛負(fù)鏈夋晥銆?
絎洓鍗佷竷鏉?/strong>銆€鐩戜簨搴斿綋閬靛畧鏈夊叧娉曞緥銆佹硶瑙勫拰鏈珷紼嬶紝蹇犲疄銆佸嫟鍕夊飽琛岃亴璐ｃ€?
絎洓鍗佸叓鏉?/strong>銆€鐩戜簨浼?xì)鍙互瀵规湰浼?xì)寮€灞曟椿鍔ㄦ儏鍐佃繘琛岃皟鏌ワ紱蹇呰鏃訛紝鍙互鑱樿浼?xì)璁″笀浜嬪姟鎵€絳夊崗鍔╁叾宸ヤ綔銆傜洃浜嬩細(xì)琛屼嬌鑱屾潈鎵€蹇呴渶鐨勮垂鐢紝鐢辨湰浼?xì)鎵挎媴銆?
絎叚鑺傘€€鍒嗘敮鏈烘瀯銆佷唬琛ㄦ満鏋?/strong>
絎洓鍗佷節(jié)鏉?/strong>銆€鏈細(xì)鍙互鎸夌収鍥藉鏈夊叧瑙勫畾鍦ㄦ湰浼?xì)鐨勫畻鏃ㄥ拰涓氬姟鑼冨洿鍐呭Q屾寜鐓х‘鏈夊伐浣滈渶瑕佷笖涓庢湰浼?xì)绠＄悊鑳藉姏鐩搁€傚簲鐨勫師鍒欒绔嬪垎鏀満鏋勩€佷唬琛ㄦ満鏋勩€傛湰浼?xì)鐨勫垎鏀満鏋勪緷鎹細(xì)鍛樉l勬垚鐗圭偣銆佷笟鍔¤寖鍥寸殑鍒掑垎絳夎绔嬶紝浠ｈ〃鏈烘瀯渚濇嵁鏈細(xì)鎺堟潈鍦ㄨ瀹氬湴鍩熷唴浠ｈ〃鏈細(xì)寮€灞曡仈緇溿€佷氦嫻併€佽皟鐮旀椿鍔ㄣ€傛湰浼?xì)鐨勫垎鏀満鏋勩€佷唬琛ㄦ満鏋勬槸鏈細(xì)鐨勭粍鎴愰儴鍒嗭紝涓嶅叿鏈夋硶浜鴻祫鏍鹼紝涓嶅緱鍙﹁鍒惰绔犵▼錛屼笉寰楀彂鏀句換浣曞艦寮忕殑鐧昏璇佷功錛屾寜鐓ф湰绔犵▼瑙勫畾鐨勫畻鏃ㄥ拰涓氬姟鑼冨洿錛屽湪鏈細(xì)鎺堟潈鐨勮寖鍥村唴寮€灞曟椿鍔紝娉曞緥璐ｄ換鐢辨湰浼?xì)鎵挎媴銆?
鏈細(xì)灝嗗垎鏀満鏋勩€佷唬琛ㄦ満鏋勮绔嬨€佸彉鏇淬€佺粓姝㈢瓑淇℃伅鍙?qiáng)鏃跺悜绀句細(xì)鍏紑銆?
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鏈細(xì)鍐呴儴璁劇珛鐨勫姙浜嬫満鏋勫悕縐幫紝搴斿綋浠モ€滈儴鈥濄€佲€滃鈥濄€佲€滃鈥濈瓑瀛楁牱緇撴潫錛岄櫎鍐犱互鏈細(xì)鍚嶇О澶栵紝涓嶅緱浠ユ硶浜虹粍緇囧悕縐板懡鍚嶏紝涓斿尯鍒簬鍒嗘敮鏈烘瀯銆佷唬琛ㄦ満鏋勫悕縐般€?
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絎竷鑺傘€€鍐呴儴綆＄悊鍒跺害鍜岀煕鐩捐В鍐蟲満鍒?/strong>
絎簲鍗佷簲鏉?/strong>銆€鏈細(xì)寤虹珛鍚勯」鍐呴儴綆＄悊鍒跺害錛屽畬鍠勭浉鍏崇鐞嗚紼嬨€傚緩绔嬨€婁細(xì)鍛樼鐞嗗姙娉曘€嬨€併€婁細(xì)璐圭鐞嗗姙娉曘€嬨€併€婁細(xì)鍛樹唬琛ㄩ€変婦鍔炴硶銆嬨€併€婁俊鎭叕寮€鍔炴硶銆嬨€併€婄悊浜嬩細(xì)閫変婦瑙勭▼銆嬨€併€婁細(xì)鍛樹唬琛ㄥぇ浼?xì)閫変婦瑙勭▼銆嬨€併€婅儲(chǔ)鍔＄鐞嗗埗搴︺€嬨€併€婂垎鏀満鏋勩€佷唬琛ㄦ満鏋勭鐞嗗姙娉曘€嬨€併€婂唴閮ㄧ煕鐩捐В鍐沖姙娉曘€嬬瓑鐩稿叧鍒跺害鍜屾枃浠躲€?
絎簲鍗佸叚鏉?/strong>銆€鏈細(xì)寤虹珛鍋ュ叏璇佷功銆佸嵃绔犮€佹。妗堛€佹枃浠剁瓑鍐呴儴綆＄悊鍒跺害錛屽茍灝嗕互涓婄墿鍝佸拰璧勬枡濡ュ杽淇濈浜庢湰浼?xì)浣忔墍錛屼換浣曞崟浣嶃€佷釜浜轟笉寰楅潪娉曚鏡鍗犮€傜鐞嗕漢鍛樿皟鍔ㄥ伐浣滄垨鑰呯鑱屾椂錛屽簲褰撲笌鎺ョ浜哄憳鍔炴竻浜ゆ帴鎵嬬畫銆?
絎簲鍗佷竷鏉?/strong>銆€鏈細(xì)璇佷功銆佸嵃绔犻仐澶辨椂錛岀粡鐞嗕簨浼?/3浠ヤ笂鐞嗕簨琛ㄥ喅閫氳繃錛屽湪鍏紑鍙戣鐨勬姤鍒婁笂鍒婄櫥閬楀け澹版槑錛屾寜瑙勫畾鐢寵閲嶆柊鍒跺彂鎴栧埢鍒躲€傚琚釜浜洪潪娉曚鏡鍗狅紝搴旈€氳繃娉曞緥閫斿緞瑕佹眰榪旇繕銆?
絎簲鍗佸叓鏉?/strong>銆€鏈細(xì)寤虹珛姘戜富鍗忓晢鍜屽唴閮ㄧ煕鐩捐В鍐蟲満鍒躲€傚鍙戠敓鍐呴儴鐭涚浘涓嶈兘緇忚繃鍗忓晢瑙ｅ喅鐨勶紝鍙互閫氳繃璋冭В銆佽瘔璁肩瓑閫斿緞渚濇硶瑙ｅ喅銆?
絎簲绔犮€€璧勪駭綆＄悊銆佷嬌鐢ㄥ師鍒?/strong>
絎簲鍗佷節(jié)鏉?/strong>銆€鏈細(xì)鏀跺叆鏉ユ簮錛?
錛堜竴錛変細(xì)璐癸紱
錛堜簩錛夋崘璧狅紱
錛堜笁錛夋斂搴滆祫鍔╋紱
錛堝洓錛夊湪鏍稿噯鐨勪笟鍔¤寖鍥村唴寮€灞曟椿鍔ㄣ€佹彁渚涙湇鍔＄殑鏀跺叆錛?
錛堜簲錛夊埄鎭紱
錛堝叚錛夊叾浠栧悎娉曟敹鍏ャ€?
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鏈細(xì)緇忔壒鍑嗗紑灞曡瘎姣旇揪鏍囪〃褰扮瓑媧誨姩錛屼笉鏀跺彇浠諱綍璐圭敤銆?
絎叚鍗佷竴鏉?/strong>銆€鏈細(xì)鐨勬敹鍏ラ櫎鐢ㄤ簬涓庢湰浼?xì)鏈夊叧鐨勩€佸悎鐞嗙殑鏀嚭澶栵紝鍏ㄩ儴鐢ㄤ簬鏈珷紼嬭瀹氱殑涓氬姟鑼冨洿銆?
絎叚鍗佷簩鏉?/strong>銆€鏈細(xì)鎵ц銆婃皯闂撮潪钀ュ埄緇勭粐浼?xì)璁″埗搴︺€嬶紝寤虹珛涓ユ牸鐨勮儲(chǔ)鍔＄鐞嗗埗搴︼紝淇濊瘉浼?xì)璁¤祫鏂欏悎娉曘€佺湡瀹炪€佸噯紜€佸畬鏁淬€?
絎叚鍗佷笁鏉?/strong>銆€鏈細(xì)閰嶅鍏鋒湁涓撲笟鑳藉姏鐨勪細(xì)璁′漢鍛樸€備細(xì)璁′笉寰楀吋浠誨嚭綰熾€備細(xì)璁′漢鍛樺簲褰撹繘琛屼細(xì)璁℃牳綆楋紝瀹炶浼?xì)璁＄洃鐫ｃ€備細(xì)璁′漢鍛樿皟鍔ㄥ伐浣滄垨鑰呯鑱屾椂錛屽簲褰撲笌鎺ョ浜哄憳鍔炴竻浜ゆ帴鎵嬬畫銆?
絎叚鍗佸洓鏉?/strong>銆€鏈細(xì)鐨勮祫浜х鐞嗘墽琛屽浗瀹惰瀹氱殑璧勪駭銆佽儲(chǔ)鍔＄鐞嗗埗搴︼紝鎺ュ彈浼?xì)鍛樹唬琛ㄥぇ浼?xì)鍜屾湁鍏抽儴闂ㄧ殑鐩戠潱銆傝祫浜ф潵婧愬睘浜庡浗瀹舵嫧嬈炬垨鑰呯ぞ浼?xì)鎹愯禒銆佽祫鍔╃殑錛屽簲褰撴帴鍙楀璁℃満鍏崇殑鐩戠潱錛屽茍灝嗘湁鍏蟲儏鍐典互閫傚綋鏂瑰紡鍚戠ぞ浼?xì)鍏竷銆?
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絎叚鍗佸叚鏉?/strong>銆€鐞嗕簨浼?xì)锛堝父鍔＄悊浜嬩細(xì)锛?jí)鍐寵榪濆弽娉曞緥銆佹硶瑙勬垨鏈珷紼嬭瀹氾紝鑷翠嬌鏈細(xì)閬彈鎹熷け鐨勶紝鍙備笌瀹¤鐨勭悊浜嬶紙甯稿姟鐞嗕簨錛夊簲褰撴壙鎷呰矗浠匯€備絾緇忚瘉鏄庡湪琛ㄥ喅鏃跺弽瀵瑰茍璁拌澆浜庝細(xì)璁褰曠殑錛岃鐞嗕簨錛堝父鍔＄悊浜嬶級(jí)鍙厤闄よ矗浠匯€?
絎叚鍗佷竷鏉?/strong>銆€鏈細(xì)鎹㈠眾鎴栬€呮洿鎹㈡硶瀹氫唬琛ㄤ漢涔嬪墠搴斿綋榪涜璐㈠姟瀹¤銆?
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絎叚鍗佸叓鏉?/strong>銆€鏈細(xì)鐨勫叏閮ㄨ祫浜у強(qiáng)鍏跺鍊間負(fù)鏈細(xì)鎵€鏈夛紝浠諱綍鍗曚綅銆佷釜浜轟笉寰椾鏡鍗犮€佺鍒嗗拰鎸敤錛屼篃涓嶅緱鍦ㄤ細(xì)鍛樹腑鍒嗛厤銆?
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